INTEGRATINGQUOTATIONS INTO YOUR TEXT

Whether ornot you alter quotations by means of ellipses or brackets, you shou1d strive tosmoothly integrate them into your own text. Suppose, for example, you decide touse the fol1owing sentence from Heavy Drinking: The Myth of Alcoholism as aDisease by HerbertFingarette:

     The classic diseaseconcept of alcoholism is unquestionably a hindrance   rather than a help in addressing the broad problems of heavydrinking in our     society(University of Ca1ifornia Press, 1988).

You couldintegrate this quotation in any of several ways:

1.   According to Fingarett, “The classicdisease concept of alcoholism is unquestionably a hindrance rather than a helpin addressing the broad problems of heavy drinking in our society” (4).

2.   Fingarette puts it bluntly: “The classicdisease concept of alcoholism is unquestionably. . .” (4).

3.   “The classic disease concept ofalcoholism,” claims Fingarette, “is unquestionably . . .. (4).

4.   According to Fingarette, looking atalcoholism as a disease is “ a hindrance rather than a help” (4).

Note thatsing1e, quoted sentences should never stand by themselves, without anattributive phrase like “According to Fingantte, . . .8” For examp1e, you wou1dnot write:

     Fingarette thinks thisway of looking at alcoho1ism is part of the prob1em. “The classic diseaseconcept of a1coho1ism is unquestionab1y a hindrance rather than a help inaddressing the broad problems of heavy drinking in our society” (4). Eventhough it ends with a citation, the quotation needs to be inteqrated with theprevious materia1. You could do this by substituting a colon for the period after “part of theproblem,” or by inserting a phrase 1ike “As he points out,” before thequotation. (See below for other variations.)

Verbs That Help you Attribute Quotations

adds

agrees

argues

asks

asserts

believes

claims

comments

compares

concedes

concludes

condemns

declares

defends

denies

disagrees

disputesemphasizes

explains

finds

holds

illustrates

implies

insists

observes

points out

refuses

rejects

relates

reports

responds

reveals

says

shows

speculates

thinks

warns

writes

considers

contends

maintains

notes

states

suggests

Note thatall of these attributive verbs are in present tense. Even though your sourcehas already been written, when quoting sources you should use the presenttense.